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如何配置proxy_cache模块
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Http配置文件user www; worker_processes 1; error_log logs/error.log error; pid /run/nginx.pid; worker_rlimit_nofile 204800; events { worker_connections 65535; multi_accept on; use epoll; } http { lua_package_path '/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.lua;/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/?.lua;'; lua_package_cpath '/usr/local/openresty/lualib/?.so;;'; init_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/init.lua"; access_by_lua_file "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/waf/waf.lua"; include mime.types; default_type application/octet-stream; log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' '"$upstream_cache_status"'; # nginx cache命中率统计 charset UTF-8; client_header_buffer_size 32k; large_client_header_buffers 4 32k; client_header_timeout 100; client_body_timeout 100; client_max_body_size 800m; client_body_buffer_size 512k; reset_timedout_connection on; sendfile on; tcp_nopush on; tcp_nodelay on; keepalive_timeout 75 20; proxy_connect_timeout 5; proxy_send_timeout 5; proxy_read_timeout 60; # 是否启用或者关闭 proxy_buffer,默认为 on proxy_buffering on; # 设置缓存大小，默认4KB、8KB 保持与 proxy_buffers 指令中size变量相同或者更小 proxy_buffer_size 16k; # proxy_buffer个数和Buffer大小（一般设置为内存页大小） proxy_buffers 4 64k; # 限制处于 BUSY 状态的 proxy_buffer 的总大小 proxy_busy_buffers_size 128k; # 所有临时文件总体积大小，磁盘上的临时文件不能超过该配置 proxy_max_temp_file_size 500MB; # 配置同时写入临时文件的数据量的总大小 proxy_temp_file_write_size 128k; gzip on; gzip_min_length 1k; gzip_buffers 4 64k; gzip_http_version 1.1; gzip_comp_level 6; gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/javascript text/javascript image/jpeg image/gif image/png application/xml application/json; gzip_vary on; gzip_disable "MSIE [1-6].(?!.*SV1)"; # 文件路径，临时存放代理服务器的大体积响应数据 proxy_temp_path /home/www/data/nginx/tmp-test; # 设置WEB缓存区名称为 cache_one ，内存缓存空间大小为100M，一天清理一次，硬盘缓存空间大小为10G proxy_cache_path /home/www/data/nginx/cache-test levels=1:2 keys_zone=cache_one:100m inactive=1d max_size=10g; index index.php index.html index.htm; include "/usr/local/openresty/nginx/conf/vhost/*.conf"; } -
Server配置文件server { listen 8087; server_name localhost; location / { # 如果后端的服务器返回500 502 503 504 执行超时等错误，将请求转发到另外一台服务器 proxy_next_upstream http_500 http_502 http_503 http_504 error timeout invalid_header; # 定义用于缓存的共享内存区域 proxy_cache cache_one; # 针对不同的HTTP状态码设置不同的缓存时间 proxy_cache_valid 200 304 1h; proxy_cache_valid 404 1m; # WEB缓存的Key值域名、URI、参数组成 proxy_cache_key $host$uri$is_args$args; proxy_set_header Host $host; proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr; proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for; # 显示缓存的状态 add_header Nginx-Cache "$upstream_cache_status"; # 可以禁用一个或多个响应头字段的处理 [Nginx不缓存,可以添加以下语句] proxy_ignore_headers X-Accel-Expires Expires Cache-Control Set-Cookie; proxy_pass http://www.tinywan.com; expires 1d; } } -
配置测试
- 打印响应头
www@TinywanAliYun:$ curl -I http://127.0.0.1:8087/ HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: openresty/1.11.2.5 Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 15:46:55 GMT Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 Connection: keep-alive Keep-Alive: timeout=20 Vary: Accept-Encoding Expires: Sun, 19 Nov 2017 15:46:55 GMT Cache-Control: max-age=86400 Pragma: no-cache Nginx-Cache: HIT- 缓存目录
www@TinywanAliYun:~/data/nginx/cache-test$ tree -L 4 . ├── 0 │ └── 49 │ └── 51ab3cb31fd7929a0346796693d53490 └── 9 └── f4 └── 3a020dc16513d3abee9ba74688d53f49 4 directories, 2 files www@TinywanAliYun:~/data/nginx/cache-test$ cat 0/49/51ab3cb31fd7929a0346796693d53490 ³QZݵǘ£CZC°(±"58c8b5dd-423e" KEY: 127.0.0.1/favicon.ico // 代理服务IP地址 HTTP/1.1 200 OK Server: nginx/1.6.0 // 被代理服务器信息 Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 14:28:51 GMT Content-Type: image/x-icon Content-Length: 16958 Last-Modified: Wed, 15 Mar 2017 03:32:45 GMT Connection: close ETag: "58c8b5dd-423e" Accept-Ranges: bytes -
$upstream_cache_status包含以下几种状态·MISS 未命中，请求被传送到后端 ·HIT 缓存命中 ·EXPIRED 缓存已经过期请求被传送到后端 ·UPDATING 正在更新缓存，将使用旧的应答 ·STALE 后端将得到过期的应答 -
nginx cache命中率统计log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" ' '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" ' '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"' '"$upstream_cache_status"';命中率统计方法：用HIT的数量除以日志总量得出缓存命中率
awk '{if($NF==""HIT"") hit++} END {printf "%.2f%",hit/NR}' access.log -
通过crontab脚本将每天的命中率统计到一个日志中，以备查看
#!/bin/bash LOG_FILE='/usr/local/nginx/logs/access.log.1' LAST_DAY=$(date +%F -d "-1 day") awk '{if($NF==""HIT"") hit++} END {printf "'$LAST_DAY': %d %d %.2f%n", hit,NR,hit/NR}' $LOG_FILE -
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