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yum 包管理器模块
1. 概要
yum模块通过yum包管理器来管理包。- 使用 yum 软件包管理器安装，升级，降级，删除和列出软件包和组。
- 该模块仅适用于 Python2。如果需要 Python 3 支持，请参见
dnf模块。 - 主机上面必须安装
yum包管理器。 - 源码：https://github.com/ansible/ansible/blob/devel/lib/ansible/modules/yum.py
- 官方文档：https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/yum_module.html
2. 参数
| 参数 | 可选值 | 默认值 | 说明 |
|---|---|---|---|
| allow_downgrade boolean | yes/no | no | 指定是否允许在已经安装有更高版本的情况下指定的软件包和版本降级处理。 请注意，设置 allow_downgrade=True 可使此模块以非幂等方式运行。 该任务最终可能会导致一组软件包与要安装的指定软件包的完整列表不匹配（因为降级的软件包与其他软件包之间的依赖关系可能导致对先前事务中的软件包进行更改）。 因此该操作很危险！！！ |
| autoremove boolean | yes/no | no | 是否自动删除所有 “叶” 软件包，这些软件包最初是作为用户安装的软件包的依赖项安装的，但不再是任何此类软件包所必需的。注意，该参数应该单独使用，或者与 state=absent 一起作用。此功能要求 yum>=3.4.3(RHEL/CentOS 7+) |
| bugfix - | yes/no | no | 如果本参数设置为 yes，并且 state=latest，那么仅安装标准为 bugfix 相关的更新 |
| conf_file - | 用于事务的远程 yum 配置文件。 |
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| disable_excludes - | 禁用 YUM 配置文件中定义的排除项。 如果设置为 all，则禁用所有排除。 如果设置为 main，则禁用 yum.conf 中 [main] 中定义的排除项。 如果设置为 repoid，则禁用为给定的 repo ID 定义的排除项。 |
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| disable_gpg_check boolean | yes/no | no | 是否禁用正在安装的软件包签名的 GPG 检查。 仅当状态 state 为 present 或 latest 时才有效。 |
| disable_plugin - | 要为安装 / 更新操作禁用的插件名称。 禁用的插件在事务处理之后将不存在。 | ||
| disablerepo - | 禁用指定存储库，这些存储库的设置只对当前事务有影响，并不会像 yum-config-manager 一样禁用仓库。如果有多个存储库，使用英文逗号分隔，从 Ansible 2.7 开始，可以使用列表代替。 | ||
| download_dir string | 指定用于存储软件包的备用目录。仅当指定了 download_only 时才有效。 |
||
| download_only boolean | yes/no | no | 仅下载包，但不安装。 |
| enable_plugin - | 需要启用进行安装 / 更新操作的插件名称。 启用的插件在事务之后不存在。 | ||
| enablerepo - | 需要启用有存储库，这些存储库的设置只对当前事务有影响，并不会像 yum-config-manager 一样启用仓库。如果有多个存储库，使用英文逗号分隔，从 Ansible 2.7 开始，可以使用列表代替。 | ||
| exclude - | 需要排除的包名称，仅当状态 state 为 present 或 latest 时才有效。 |
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| install_weak_deps boolean | yes/no | yes | 安装通过弱依赖关系链接的所有软件包。 注意：此功能需要 yum >= 4（RHEL/CentOS 8+） |
| installroot - | Default: "/" | 指定一个备用 installroot，相对于该根节点，将安装所有软件包。 |
|
| list - | 要运行等效于 yum list --show-duplicates <package> 的软件包名称。 除了列出软件包外，还可以列出以下内容： installed 已安装、updates 更新、available 可用、以及 repos 存储库。 此参数与 name 互斥。 |
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| lock_timeout integer | Default: 30 | 等待释放 yum 锁定文件的时间。 | |
| name list / elements=string | 带有版本的软件包名称或软件包说明符，例如 name-1.0。 如果指定了以前的版本，则该任务还需要打开 allow_downgrade。 有关降级软件包的注意事项，请参见 allow_downgrade 文档。 当使用 state=latest 时，它可以是 *，这意味着运行 yum -y update。 您还可以将 url 或本地路径传递给 rpm 文件 (使用 state=present)。要对多个软件包进行操作，可以接受英文逗号分隔的软件包字符串或软件包列表 (从 Ansible 2.0 版开始)。 别名：pkg。 |
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| releasever - | 指定安装所有软件包的替代版本。 | ||
| security boolean | yes/no | no | 如果设置为 yes 并且 state=latest，则仅安装标记为安全相关的更新。 |
| skip_broken boolean | yes/no | no | 跳过依赖项已损坏的软件包，并抛出问题异常。 |
| state - | 可选值: absent installed latest present removed | 是否要安装 (present or installed, latest) 或移除 (absent or removed) 包装。 present 和 installed 将仅确保已安装所需的软件包。 如果不是最新的可用版本，latest 将更新指定的软件包。 absent 和 removed 将删除指定的软件包。 默认值为 None，但实际上默认动作为 present，除非为此模块启用了 autoremove 自动删除选项，此时 state=absent 不存在。 |
|
| update_cache boolean | yes/no | no | 强制 yum 检查缓存是否过期，并在需要时重新下载。仅当状态 state 为 present 或 latest 时才有效。别名 expire-cache。 |
| update_only boolean | yes/no | no | 使用 latest 最新版本时，仅更新安装的软件包。 不要安装软件包。 仅在状态为 state=latest 最新时才有效。 |
| use_backend - | 可选值: auto ← yum yum4 dnf | auto 自动 |
这个模块支持 yum，上游 yum 开发人员将其称为 yum3/YUM3/yum-preprecated。从 Ansible2.7 + 开始，此模块还支持 YUM4，这是新的 yum，并且具有 dnf 后端。默认情况下，此模块将基于 “ansible_pkg_mgr” 事实选择后端。 |
| validate_certs boolean | yes/no | yes | 仅当使用 https 网址作为 rpm 的源时才适用。 例如用于本地安装。 如果设置为 no，则不会验证 SSL 证书。 当使用自签名证书的个人站点时，可以设置为 no, 这样可以避免验证源站点。 在 Ansible 2.1 之前的版本中，代码就像设置为 yes 一样工作。 |
3. 注意事项
- 当与
loop循环一起使用时，每个包将被单独处理。将列表直接传递给name选项会更有效。 - 在 1.9.2 之前的版本中，此模块分别安装和卸载给 yum 模块的每个软件包。当必须一起安装或删除由文件名或 URL 指定的程序包时，这会引起问题。在 1.9.2 中，此问题已修复，因此可以在一个 yum 事务中安装软件包。但是，如果其中一个软件包添加了其他软件包所来自的新 yum 存储库 (例如 epel-release)，则该软件包需要安装在单独的任务中。这模仿了 yum 的命令行行为。
- yum 模块不支持以幂等的方式清除 yum 缓存，因此
yum模块不会自动清除 yum 缓存。唯一的方法是使用command命令模块直接调用 yum 命令，即yum clean all。 - 本模块中某些参数比较危险，不要随意测试！！！
- 本模块需要使用
root操作，因此需要使用become权限提升。
4. 返回值
| 键 | 何时返回 | 描述信息 |
|---|---|---|
| results list | 一直 | 相关包信息组成的列表，如 "results": ["httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed"] |
| changes dict | 有变更时 | 安装或卸载的包的信息，如 "changes": {"removed": ["MariaDB-client", "MariaDB-server"]} |
5. 官方示例
- name: install the latest version of Apache yum: name: httpd state: latest - name: ensure a list of packages installed yum: name: "{{ packages }}" vars: packages: - httpd - httpd-tools - name: remove the Apache package yum: name: httpd state: absent - name: install the latest version of Apache from the testing repo yum: name: httpd enablerepo: testing state: present - name: install one specific version of Apache yum: name: httpd-2.2.29-1.4.amzn1 state: present - name: upgrade all packages yum: name: '*' state: latest - name: upgrade all packages, excluding kernel & foo related packages yum: name: '*' state: latest exclude: kernel*,foo* - name: install the nginx rpm from a remote repo yum: name: http://nginx.org/packages/centos/6/noarch/RPMS/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm state: present - name: install nginx rpm from a local file yum: name: /usr/local/src/nginx-release-centos-6-0.el6.ngx.noarch.rpm state: present - name: install the 'Development tools' package group yum: name: "@Development tools" state: present - name: install the 'Gnome desktop' environment group yum: name: "@^gnome-desktop-environment" state: present - name: List ansible packages and register result to print with debug later. yum: list: ansible register: result - name: Install package with multiple repos enabled yum: name: sos enablerepo: "epel,ol7_latest" - name: Install package with multiple repos disabled yum: name: sos disablerepo: "epel,ol7_latest" - name: Install a list of packages yum: name: - nginx - postgresql - postgresql-server state: present - name: Download the nginx package but do not install it yum: name: - nginx state: latest download_only: true
6. 基础知识
我们可以使用 yum 命令来搜索或安装、卸载包，下面列出一些相关的命令：
yum search <packagename>搜索某个包yum search <packagename> --showduplicates搜索某个包时显示多个版本yum info <packagename>查看某个包的介绍信息rpm -qa|grep <packagename>搜索是否安装了某个包yum install <packagename> -y安装某个包
我们来试一下这些命令：
# 查看本机是否安装了httpd相关的包 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep httpd httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 # 查看本机是否安装了mariadb相关的包 # 说明: mariadb是mysql的一个分支，可以实现mysql一样的功能 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-compat-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-common-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 # 查看是否安装了nginx相关的包 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep nginx # 你可以使用下面的命令搜索httpd相关的包，显示的内容比较多，此处忽略 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum search httpd [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum search httpd --showduplicates # 查看httpd包的介绍 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum info httpd Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com ius 365/365 Installed Packages Name : httpd Arch : x86_64 Version : 2.4.6 Release : 93.el7.centos Size : 9.4 M Repo : installed From repo : base Summary : Apache HTTP Server URL : http://httpd.apache.org/ License : ASL 2.0 Description : The Apache HTTP Server is a powerful, efficient, and extensible : web server. [ansible@node1 ~]$
7. 使用临时命令
我们先来使用临时命令尝试运行一下 yum 模块的命令。
7.1 查看是否安装某软件
# 查看是否安装httpd包 [ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=httpd' node1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed" ] } [ansible@master ~]$ # 查看是否安装mysql包 [ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=mysql' node1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing mysql is already installed" ] } # 查看是否安装mariadb包 [ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=mariadb' node1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing mariadb is already installed" ] } [ansible@master ~]$
7.2 查看多个软件包、软件包名大小写敏感
通过下面的示例可以看到软件包名大小写敏感，多个软件包之间使用英文逗号分隔开。
[ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=mariadb-server,MariaDB-client' node1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing mariadb-server is already installed", "MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing MariaDB-client is already installed" ] } [ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=mariadb-Server,MariaDB-Client' node1 | FAILED! => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "No package matching 'mariadb-Server' found available, installed or updated", "rc": 126, "results": [ "No package matching 'mariadb-Server' found available, installed or updated" ] } [ansible@master ~]$ [ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=mariadb-server,MariaDB-Client' node1 | FAILED! => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "No package matching 'MariaDB-Client' found available, installed or updated", "rc": 126, "results": [ "MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing mariadb-server is already installed", "No package matching 'MariaDB-Client' found available, installed or updated" ] } [ansible@master ~]$ ansible node1 -m yum -a 'name=MariaDB-server,MariaDB-client' node1 | SUCCESS => { "ansible_facts": { "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python" }, "changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": [ "MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing MariaDB-server is already installed", "MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 providing MariaDB-client is already installed" ] } [ansible@master ~]$
8. 使用剧本
下面我们主要使用 httpd、nginx、mysql 包来进行相关的测试。
首先，我们使用剧本来卸载 httpd、nginx、mysql 包。
8.1 卸载包
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 卸载包 - name: uninstall the Apache yum: name: httpd state: absent become: yes # 卸载多个包 - name: uninstall the MariaDB yum: name: - MariaDB-client - MariaDB-server state: absent become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [uninstall the Apache] ********************************************************************* changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"removed": ["httpd"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be erased\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd-mmn = 20120211x8664 for package: python36-mod_wsgi-4.6.2-2.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package python36-mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:4.6.2-2.el7.ius will be erased\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nRemoving:\n httpd x86_64 2.4.6-93.el7.centos @base 9.4 M\nRemoving for dependencies:\n python36-mod_wsgi x86_64 4.6.2-2.el7.ius @ius 1.1 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nRemove 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)\n\nInstalled size: 10 M\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Erasing : python36-mod_wsgi-4.6.2-2.el7.ius.x86_64 1/2 \n Erasing : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \nwarning: file /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: remove failed: No such file or directory\n Verifying : python36-mod_wsgi-4.6.2-2.el7.ius.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n\nRemoved:\n httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos \n\nDependency Removed:\n python36-mod_wsgi.x86_64 0:4.6.2-2.el7.ius \n\nComplete!\n"]} TASK [uninstall the MariaDB] ******************************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"removed": ["MariaDB-client", "MariaDB-server"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:10.5.4-1.el7.centos will be erased\n---> Package MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:10.5.4-1.el7.centos will be erased\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nRemoving:\n MariaDB-client x86_64 10.5.4-1.el7.centos @mariadb 65 M\n MariaDB-server x86_64 10.5.4-1.el7.centos @mariadb 129 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nRemove 2 Packages\n\nInstalled size: 194 M\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Erasing : MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Erasing : MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : MariaDB-client-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n\nRemoved:\n MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:10.5.4-1.el7.centos \n MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:10.5.4-1.el7.centos \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
我们再查检查一下，这些包是否已经卸载了:
[ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep httpd httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep -i mariadb MariaDB-compat-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-common-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$
可以看到，我们指定的包已经卸载了，Ansible 并没有直接卸载相关的包。
8.2 安装包
::: tip 提示
脚本执行慢，半天没有响应，可能是软件包比较大，yum 源比较慢，可以使用国内镜像源加速！！！
:::
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 确定包是否安装，如果没有安装则安装 - name: ensure a list of packages installed yum: name: "{{ packages }}" vars: packages: - httpd - httpd-tools become: yes # 确定包是否安装，如果没有安装则安装 - name: install the MariaDB-server and MariaDB-client yum: name: - MariaDB-client - MariaDB-server state: installed become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [ensure a list of packages installed] ****************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["httpd"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd-tools is already installed", "Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n httpd x86_64 2.4.6-93.el7.centos base 2.7 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package\n\nTotal download size: 2.7 M\nInstalled size: 9.4 M\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 \n Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos \n\nComplete!\n"]} TASK [install the MariaDB-server and MariaDB-client] ******************************************** ^C [ERROR]: User interrupted execution [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [ensure a list of packages installed] ****************************************************** ok: [node1] => {"changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed", "httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd-tools is already installed"]} TASK [install the MariaDB-server and MariaDB-client] ***** ----> 此处一直卡住不动，使用Ctrl+C取消任务了
将 state: installed 改成再试一下 state: present。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 确定包是否安装，如果没有安装则安装 - name: ensure a list of packages installed yum: name: "{{ packages }}" vars: packages: - httpd - httpd-tools become: yes # 确定包是否安装，如果没有安装则安装 - name: install the MariaDB-server and MariaDB-client yum: name: - MariaDB-client - MariaDB-server state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [ensure a list of packages installed] ****************************************************** ok: [node1] => {"changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed", "httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd-tools is already installed"]} TASK [install the MariaDB-server and MariaDB-client] ******************************************** ----> 此处一直卡住不动 ^C [ERROR]: User interrupted execution
检查 node1 节点：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ ps -ef|grep yum ansible 8810 8560 0 17:26 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c sudo -H -S -n -u root /bin/sh -c 'echo BECOME-SUCCESS-odsohwwtdtrntiohbyoosvefmaivzcee ; /usr/bin/python /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597051573.01-5886-174205555753699/AnsiballZ_yum.py' && sleep 0 root 8826 8810 0 17:26 pts/1 00:00:00 sudo -H -S -n -u root /bin/sh -c echo BECOME-SUCCESS-odsohwwtdtrntiohbyoosvefmaivzcee ; /usr/bin/python /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597051573.01-5886-174205555753699/AnsiballZ_yum.py root 8827 8826 0 17:26 pts/1 00:00:00 /bin/sh -c echo BECOME-SUCCESS-odsohwwtdtrntiohbyoosvefmaivzcee ; /usr/bin/python /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597051573.01-5886-174205555753699/AnsiballZ_yum.py root 8828 8827 0 17:26 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597051573.01-5886-174205555753699/AnsiballZ_yum.py root 8829 8828 0 17:26 pts/1 00:00:00 /usr/bin/python /bin/yum -d 2 -y install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server ansible 8941 3603 0 17:28 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto yum [ansible@node1 ~]$
后台运行的程序一直没有终止，我们按 Ctrl+C 强制终止 Ansible 运行。
手动执行安装操作看一下：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum install MariaDB-client MariaDB-server -y Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:10.5.4-1.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:10.5.4-1.el7.centos will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================= Installing: MariaDB-client x86_64 10.5.4-1.el7.centos mariadb 13 M MariaDB-server x86_64 10.5.4-1.el7.centos mariadb 26 M Transaction Summary ================================================================================================= Install 2 Packages Total download size: 39 M Installed size: 39 M Downloading packages: No Presto metadata available for mariadb (2/2): MariaDB-server-10.5.4-1.el 53% [============- ] 16 kB/s | 21 MB 00:19:22 ETA
可以看到，中间需要下载包，需要的时间比较长，00:19:22 ETA 提示还要 19 分钟，可能是因为这个原因导致我们认为 Ansible 卡住了。
我们重新运行剧本，但是把调试级别设置为 -vv：
[ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -vv ansible-playbook 2.9.9 config file = /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg configured module search path = [u'/home/ansible/.ansible/plugins/modules', u'/usr/share/ansible/plugins/modules'] ansible python module location = /usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/ansible executable location = /usr/bin/ansible-playbook python version = 2.7.5 (default, Apr 2 2020, 13:16:51) [GCC 4.8.5 20150623 (Red Hat 4.8.5-39)] Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAYBOOK: yum.yml ******************************************************************************* 1 plays in yum.yml PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** task path: /home/ansible/yum.yml:1 ok: [node1] META: ran handlers TASK [ensure a list of packages installed] ****************************************************** task path: /home/ansible/yum.yml:4 ok: [node1] => {"changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed", "httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd-tools is already installed"]} TASK [install the MariaDB-client] *************************************************************** task path: /home/ansible/yum.yml:14
运行的过程中，我们查看一下 node1 节点上面的缓存文件：
[ansible@node1 packages]$ pwd /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/mariadb/packages [ansible@node1 packages]$ ll total 0 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 11 09:42 MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 11 09:42 MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm [ansible@node1 packages]$ ll total 16 -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 16384 Aug 11 09:42 MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 0 Aug 11 09:42 MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 52K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 60K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 196K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 196K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 196K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 196K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 216K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 220K . [ansible@node1 packages]$ du -sh 228K .
可以看到，后台 yum 还在缓慢的下载文件！由于网速原因，下载比较慢。
经过漫长的等待，最终还是失败了！
TASK [install the MariaDB-client] *************************************************************** task path: /home/ansible/yum.yml:14 fatal: [node1]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "changes": {"installed": ["MariaDB-client", "MariaDB-server"]}, "msg": "http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttp://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on http://yum.mariadb.org/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\n\n\nError downloading packages:\n MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64: [Errno 256] No more mirrors to try.\n\n", "rc": 1, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:10.5.5-1.el7.centos will be installed\n---> Package MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:10.5.5-1.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n MariaDB-client x86_64 10.5.5-1.el7.centos mariadb 13 M\n MariaDB-server x86_64 10.5.5-1.el7.centos mariadb 26 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 2 Packages\n\nTotal download size: 39 M\nInstalled size: 195 M\nDownloading packages:\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
我们更新一下 node1 节点上面的 MariaDB 的源为清华源，参考 https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/mariadb/
修改后，MariaDB 的源配置如下：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/MariaDB.repo # MariaDB 10.5 CentOS repository list - created 2020-07-07 08:02 UTC # http://downloads.mariadb.org/mariadb/repositories/ [mariadb] name = MariaDB baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64 gpgkey=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum//RPM-GPG-KEY-MariaDB gpgcheck=1 [ansible@node1 ~]$
再次执行剧本，成功执行：
[ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [ensure a list of packages installed] ****************************************************** ok: [node1] => {"changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd is already installed", "httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 providing httpd-tools is already installed"]} TASK [install the MariaDB-client] *************************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["MariaDB-client", "MariaDB-server"]}, "msg": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\nhttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 12] Timeout on https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/mariadb/yum/10.5/centos7-amd64/rpms/MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64.rpm: (28, 'Operation too slow. Less than 1000 bytes/sec transferred the last 30 seconds')\nTrying other mirror.\n", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:10.5.5-1.el7.centos will be installed\n---> Package MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:10.5.5-1.el7.centos will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n MariaDB-client x86_64 10.5.5-1.el7.centos mariadb 13 M\n MariaDB-server x86_64 10.5.5-1.el7.centos mariadb 26 M\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 2 Packages\n\nTotal download size: 39 M\nInstalled size: 195 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 154 kB/s | 39 MB 04:19 \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Installing : MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n\nInstalled:\n MariaDB-client.x86_64 0:10.5.5-1.el7.centos \n MariaDB-server.x86_64 0:10.5.5-1.el7.centos \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
然后我们在 node1 节点上面检查一下：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep MariaDB MariaDB-compat-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-server-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-common-10.5.4-1.el7.centos.x86_64 MariaDB-client-10.5.5-1.el7.centos.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$
可以看到 MariaDB-server 和 MariaDB-client 安装成功了。
8.3 列出所有相关包
我们可以使用 list 参数来列出你想了解的某个包相关的可安裝的软件清单。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 列出所有httpd相关的包 - name: List httpd* packages and register result to print with debug later. yum: list: httpd* register: result # 输出相关信息 - name: print the result debug: var: result [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [List httpd* packages and register result to print with debug later.] ********************** ok: [node1] => {"changed": false, "results": [{"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-devel-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-devel", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-itk-2.4.7.04-2.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-itk", "release": "2.el7", "repo": "epel", "version": "2.4.7.04", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "noarch", "envra": "0:httpd-manual-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.noarch", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-manual", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-tools", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-devel-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-devel", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "noarch", "envra": "0:httpd24u-filesystem-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-filesystem", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "noarch", "envra": "0:httpd24u-manual-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-manual", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_ldap-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_ldap", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "1:httpd24u-mod_proxy_html-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "1", "name": "httpd24u-mod_proxy_html", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc-2.9.2-1.ius.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc", "release": "1.ius.el7", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.2", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc-2.9.3-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.3", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-2.9.2-1.ius.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2", "release": "1.ius.el7", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.2", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-2.9.3-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.3", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_session-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_session", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "1:httpd24u-mod_ssl-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "1", "name": "httpd24u-mod_ssl", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_xsendfile-0.12-1.ius.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_xsendfile", "release": "1.ius.el7", "repo": "ius", "version": "0.12", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-tools-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-tools", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available"}, {"arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available"}]} TASK [print the result] ************************************************************************* ok: [node1] => { "result": { "changed": false, "failed": false, "results": [ { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-devel-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-devel", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-itk-2.4.7.04-2.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-itk", "release": "2.el7", "repo": "epel", "version": "2.4.7.04", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "noarch", "envra": "0:httpd-manual-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.noarch", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-manual", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd-tools", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-devel-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-devel", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "noarch", "envra": "0:httpd24u-filesystem-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-filesystem", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "noarch", "envra": "0:httpd24u-manual-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-manual", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_ldap-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_ldap", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "1:httpd24u-mod_proxy_html-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "1", "name": "httpd24u-mod_proxy_html", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc-2.9.2-1.ius.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc", "release": "1.ius.el7", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.2", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc-2.9.3-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2-mlogc", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.3", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-2.9.2-1.ius.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2", "release": "1.ius.el7", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.2", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_security2-2.9.3-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_security2", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.9.3", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_session-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_session", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "1:httpd24u-mod_ssl-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "1", "name": "httpd24u-mod_ssl", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-mod_xsendfile-0.12-1.ius.el7.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-mod_xsendfile", "release": "1.ius.el7", "repo": "ius", "version": "0.12", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-tools-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u-tools", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd24u", "release": "1.el7.ius", "repo": "ius", "version": "2.4.41", "yumstate": "available" }, { "arch": "x86_64", "envra": "0:httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64", "epoch": "0", "name": "httpd", "release": "93.el7.centos", "repo": "base", "version": "2.4.6", "yumstate": "available" } ] } } PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=3 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
可以看到列出了很多 httpd 相关的包了！
8.4 下载包但不进行安装
我们可以使用临时命令 (如 ansible node1 -b -m yum -a 'name=nginx download_only=yes download_dir=softs/nginx/') 也可以使用剧本进行包的下载。
使用 download_dir 指定下载目录时，这个目录可以不用存在，Ansible 会自动创建这个目录。
我们现在来使用剧本下载安装包。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 下载包不指定下载目录 - name: Download the nginx package but do not install it yum: name: - nginx state: latest download_only: yes become: yes # 下载包指定下载目录，指定目录可以不用存在 - name: Download the nginx package but do not install it specified download_dir yum: name: - nginx state: latest download_only: yes download_dir: softs/not_exist_dir/ become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ # 剧本规范检查时，提示403异常，不建议安装最新的包 [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [403] Package installs should not use latest yum.yml:4 Task/Handler: Download the nginx package but do not install it [403] Package installs should not use latest yum.yml:13 Task/Handler: Download the nginx package but do not install it specified download_dir [ansible@master ~]$
我们可以使用以下方法将 403 异常忽略掉。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat > .ansible-lint << EOF > skip_list: > - '403' > EOF [ansible@master ~]$ cat .ansible-lint skip_list: - '403' [ansible@master ~]$
然后再进行检查：
[ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [Download the nginx package but do not install it] ***************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["nginx"], "updated": []}, "msg": "", "obsoletes": {"iwl7265-firmware": {"dist": "noarch", "repo": "@anaconda", "version": "22.0.7.0-69.el7"}}, "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: redhat-indexhtml for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos will be installed\n---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository\n Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nginx x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 562 k\nInstalling for dependencies:\n centos-indexhtml noarch 7-9.el7.centos base 92 k\n gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 base 146 k\n gperftools-libs x86_64 2.6.1-1.el7 base 272 k\n libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 base 55 k\n nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 19 k\n nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 21 k\n nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 30 k\n nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 39 k\n nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 29 k\n nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 57 k\n nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 84 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+11 Dependent packages)\n\nTotal download size: 1.4 M\nInstalled size: 4.1 M\nBackground downloading packages, then exiting:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 117 kB/s | 1.4 MB 00:12 \nexiting because \"Download Only\" specified\n"]} TASK [Download the nginx package but do not install it specified download_dir] ********************************* changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["nginx"], "updated": []}, "msg": "", "obsoletes": {"iwl7265-firmware": {"dist": "noarch", "repo": "@anaconda", "version": "22.0.7.0-69.el7"}}, "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: redhat-indexhtml for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos will be installed\n---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n--> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\n---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository\n Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n nginx x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 562 k\nInstalling for dependencies:\n centos-indexhtml noarch 7-9.el7.centos base 92 k\n gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 base 146 k\n gperftools-libs x86_64 2.6.1-1.el7 base 272 k\n libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 base 55 k\n nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 19 k\n nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 21 k\n nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 30 k\n nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 39 k\n nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 29 k\n nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 57 k\n nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 84 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+11 Dependent packages)\n\nTotal download size: 1.4 M\nInstalled size: 4.1 M\nBackground downloading packages, then exiting:\nexiting because \"Download Only\" specified\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
我们在 node1 节点上面检查一下，可以看到：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ ls -lah /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/{base,epel}/packages/ /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/base/packages/: total 572K drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 175 Aug 11 12:12 . drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 278 Aug 11 09:37 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92K Jul 4 2014 centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146K Jul 4 2014 gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 273K Apr 25 2018 gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56K Aug 11 2017 libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm /var/cache/yum/x86_64/7/epel/packages/: total 868K drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 4.0K Aug 11 12:12 . drwxr-xr-x. 4 root root 4.0K Aug 11 09:37 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 562K Oct 4 2019 nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20K Oct 4 2019 nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21K Oct 4 2019 nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [ansible@node1 ~]$ ls -lah softs/not_exist_dir/ total 1.5M drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4.0K Aug 11 12:12 . drwxr-xr-x 3 root root 27 Aug 11 12:12 .. -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 92K Jul 4 2014 centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 146K Jul 4 2014 gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 273K Apr 25 2018 gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 56K Aug 11 2017 libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 562K Oct 4 2019 nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 20K Oct 4 2019 nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 21K Oct 4 2019 nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 30K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 39K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 29K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 57K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm -rw-r--r-- 1 root root 85K Oct 4 2019 nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm [ansible@node1 ~]$
当不指定下载目录时，yum 会将依赖包下载到各自的仓库对应的缓存目录下，而指定目录时，会将所有的依赖包都下载到指定目录中。
8.5 安装指定版本软件
我计划升级一下 httpd 版本到比较新的 2.4.41 版本。
# 查看当前安装的版本 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep httpd httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 # 查看一下，可升级的版本 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum list httpd24u Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Available Packages httpd24u.x86_64 2.4.41-1.el7.ius ius [ansible@node1 ~]$
现在我们尝试使用剧本来安装新版本。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 安装指定版本的软件包 - name: install one specific version of Apache yum: name: httpd24u-2.4.41 state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install one specific version of Apache] *************************************************** fatal: [node1]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "changes": {"installed": ["httpd24u-2.4.41"]}, "msg": "Error: httpd24u-tools conflicts with httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64\nError: httpd24u conflicts with httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64\n", "rc": 1, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd24u.x86_64 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd24u-filesystem = 2.4.41-1.el7.ius for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd24u-filesystem = 2.4.41-1.el7.ius for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd24u-tools = 2.4.41-1.el7.ius for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libnghttp2.so.14()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libbrotlienc.so.1()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libapr15uutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libapr15u-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package apr15u.x86_64 0:1.5.2-2.ius.el7 will be installed\n---> Package apr15u-util.x86_64 0:1.5.4-3.ius.el7 will be installed\n---> Package brotli.x86_64 0:1.0.7-5.el7 will be installed\n---> Package httpd24u-filesystem.noarch 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius will be installed\n---> Package httpd24u-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius will be installed\n---> Package libnghttp2.x86_64 0:1.33.0-1.1.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Conflict: httpd24u-tools-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 conflicts httpd-tools < 2.4.41-1.el7.ius\n--> Processing Conflict: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 conflicts httpd < 2.4.41-1.el7.ius\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n You could try using --skip-broken to work around the problem\n You could try running: rpm -Va --nofiles --nodigest\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
可以看到，因为软件包存在冲突，安装指定软件包失败！Ansible 不会自动帮我们删除之前的旧版本的软件包。
因此我们先把旧版本的软件包删除，然后再安装。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 卸载旧版本的Apache - name: uninstall the older Apache yum: name: - httpd - httpd-tools state: absent become: yes # 安装指定版本的软件包 - name: install one specific version of Apache yum: name: - httpd24u-2.4.41 state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [uninstall the older Apache] *************************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"removed": ["httpd", "httpd-tools"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be erased\n---> Package httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos will be erased\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nRemoving:\n httpd x86_64 2.4.6-93.el7.centos @base 9.4 M\n httpd-tools x86_64 2.4.6-93.el7.centos @base 168 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nRemove 2 Packages\n\nInstalled size: 9.5 M\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Erasing : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Erasing : httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : httpd-tools-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : httpd-2.4.6-93.el7.centos.x86_64 2/2 \n\nRemoved:\n httpd.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos httpd-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.6-93.el7.centos \n\nComplete!\n"]} TASK [install one specific version of Apache] *************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["httpd24u-2.4.41"]}, "msg": "https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ius/7/x86_64/packages/a/apr15u-1.5.2-2.ius.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#7 - \"Failed to connect to 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1: Network is unreachable\"\nTrying other mirror.\nhttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/ius/7/x86_64/packages/a/apr15u-util-1.5.4-3.ius.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#7 - \"Failed to connect to 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1: Network is unreachable\"\nTrying other mirror.\nhttps://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/b/brotli-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64.rpm: [Errno 14] curl#7 - \"Failed to connect to 2402:f000:1:408:8100::1: Network is unreachable\"\nTrying other mirror.\n", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package httpd24u.x86_64 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd24u-filesystem = 2.4.41-1.el7.ius for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd24u-filesystem = 2.4.41-1.el7.ius for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: httpd24u-tools = 2.4.41-1.el7.ius for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libnghttp2.so.14()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libbrotlienc.so.1()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libapr15uutil-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: libapr15u-1.so.0()(64bit) for package: httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package apr15u.x86_64 0:1.5.2-2.ius.el7 will be installed\n---> Package apr15u-util.x86_64 0:1.5.4-3.ius.el7 will be installed\n---> Package brotli.x86_64 0:1.0.7-5.el7 will be installed\n---> Package httpd24u-filesystem.noarch 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius will be installed\n---> Package httpd24u-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius will be installed\n---> Package libnghttp2.x86_64 0:1.33.0-1.1.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n httpd24u x86_64 2.4.41-1.el7.ius ius 1.4 M\nInstalling for dependencies:\n apr15u x86_64 1.5.2-2.ius.el7 ius 112 k\n apr15u-util x86_64 1.5.4-3.ius.el7 ius 93 k\n brotli x86_64 1.0.7-5.el7 epel 318 k\n httpd24u-filesystem noarch 2.4.41-1.el7.ius ius 27 k\n httpd24u-tools x86_64 2.4.41-1.el7.ius ius 90 k\n libnghttp2 x86_64 1.33.0-1.1.el7 epel 68 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+6 Dependent packages)\n\nTotal download size: 2.1 M\nInstalled size: 6.5 M\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 62 kB/s | 2.1 MB 00:34 \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : apr15u-1.5.2-2.ius.el7.x86_64 1/7 \n Installing : apr15u-util-1.5.4-3.ius.el7.x86_64 2/7 \n Installing : httpd24u-tools-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 3/7 \n Installing : libnghttp2-1.33.0-1.1.el7.x86_64 4/7 \n Installing : httpd24u-filesystem-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch 5/7 \n Installing : brotli-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64 6/7 \n Installing : httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 7/7 \n Verifying : httpd24u-tools-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 1/7 \n Verifying : brotli-1.0.7-5.el7.x86_64 2/7 \n Verifying : apr15u-util-1.5.4-3.ius.el7.x86_64 3/7 \n Verifying : apr15u-1.5.2-2.ius.el7.x86_64 4/7 \n Verifying : httpd24u-filesystem-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch 5/7 \n Verifying : httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 6/7 \n Verifying : libnghttp2-1.33.0-1.1.el7.x86_64 7/7 \n\nInstalled:\n httpd24u.x86_64 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius \n\nDependency Installed:\n apr15u.x86_64 0:1.5.2-2.ius.el7 \n apr15u-util.x86_64 0:1.5.4-3.ius.el7 \n brotli.x86_64 0:1.0.7-5.el7 \n httpd24u-filesystem.noarch 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius \n httpd24u-tools.x86_64 0:2.4.41-1.el7.ius \n libnghttp2.x86_64 0:1.33.0-1.1.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
可以看到，旧的版本被卸载掉，新的版本安装成功，我们检查一下：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep httpd httpd24u-filesystem-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.noarch httpd24u-tools-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 httpd24u-2.4.41-1.el7.ius.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$ httpd -v Server version: Apache/2.4.41 (IUS) Server built: Aug 25 2019 19:41:04
可以看到，httpd 已经成功升级了！
8.6 仓库的禁用
我们可以通过以下命令查看当前我们系统有哪些 yum 仓库：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,070 epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,425 extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 413 ius/x86_64 IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 365 mariadb MariaDB 92 updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 1,112 repolist: 25,477 [ansible@node1 ~]$ # 查看nginx cowsay lua53u信息可知它们位于epel、ius仓库中 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum info nginx cowsay lua53u Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Available Packages Name : cowsay Arch : noarch Version : 3.04 Release : 4.el7 Size : 42 k Repo : epel/x86_64 Summary : Configurable speaking/thinking cow URL : https://github.com/tnalpgge/rank-amateur-cowsay License : GPLv3+ Description : cowsay is a configurable talking cow, written in Perl. It operates : much as the figlet program does, and it written in the same spirit : of silliness. : It generates ASCII pictures of a cow with a message. It can also generate : pictures of other animals. Name : lua53u Arch : x86_64 Version : 5.3.4 Release : 1.ius.el7 Size : 184 k Repo : ius/x86_64 Summary : Powerful light-weight programming language URL : http://www.lua.org/ License : MIT Description : Lua is a powerful light-weight programming language designed for : extending applications. Lua is also frequently used as a : general-purpose, stand-alone language. Lua is free software. : Lua combines simple procedural syntax with powerful data description : constructs based on associative arrays and extensible semantics. Lua : is dynamically typed, interpreted from bytecodes, and has automatic : memory management with garbage collection, making it ideal for : configuration, scripting, and rapid prototyping. Name : nginx Arch : x86_64 Epoch : 1 Version : 1.16.1 Release : 1.el7 Size : 562 k Repo : epel/x86_64 Summary : A high performance web server and reverse proxy server URL : http://nginx.org/ License : BSD Description : Nginx is a web server and a reverse proxy server for HTTP, SMTP, POP3 and : IMAP protocols, with a strong focus on high concurrency, performance and low : memory usage. [ansible@node1 ~]$
为了防止出现异常操作，我们先备份一下仓库的配置文件。
[ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo cp -r /etc/yum.repos.d /etc/yum.repos.d.bak [ansible@node1 ~]$ ls /etc/yum.repos.d* /etc/yum.repos.d: CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo ius.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo MariaDB.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo /etc/yum.repos.d.bak: CentOS-Base.repo CentOS-fasttrack.repo CentOS-Vault.repo ius.repo CentOS-CR.repo CentOS-Media.repo epel.repo MariaDB.repo CentOS-Debuginfo.repo CentOS-Sources.repo epel-testing.repo [ansible@node1 ~]$
我们可以直接使用 yum-config-manager 来管理仓库是否禁用。
# 禁用epel仓库 [ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum-config-manager --disable epel # 查看epel仓库状态，显示disabled表示禁用 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist epel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 disabled repolist: 0 [ansible@node1 ~]$ # 查看epel仓库配置文件，可以看到enabled=0 [ansible@node1 ~]$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/$basearch #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 [epel-debuginfo] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/$basearch/debug #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=1 [epel-source] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/SRPMS #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=1 [ansible@node1 ~]$ # 启用epel仓库 [ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable epel # 查看epel仓库状态，没有显示disabled，表示已经启用了 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist epel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,425 repolist: 13,425 # 查看epel仓库配置文件，可以看到enabled=1 [ansible@node1 ~]$ cat /etc/yum.repos.d/epel.repo [epel] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/$basearch #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=1 gpgcheck=1 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 [epel-debuginfo] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Debug baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/$basearch/debug #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-debug-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=1 [epel-source] name=Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - $basearch - Source baseurl=https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/SRPMS #mirrorlist=https://mirrors.fedoraproject.org/metalink?repo=epel-source-7&arch=$basearch failovermethod=priority enabled=0 gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-EPEL-7 gpgcheck=1 [ansible@node1 ~]$
现在我们尝试使用 disablerepo 来禁用某个仓库。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 禁用某些仓库时，来安装包 - name: install packages with disable some repo yum: name: - nginx - cowsay - lua53u disablerepo: - epel - ius state: installed become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install packages with disable some repo] ************************************************** fatal: [node1]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "No package matching 'nginx' found available, installed or updated", "rc": 126, "results": ["No package matching 'nginx' found available, installed or updated"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
第一次运行，我们禁用了 epel 和 ius 仓库，此时，nginx 包没有找到，因为 nginx 包是在 epel 仓库中。所以说明禁用生效了。
现在，假如我们不安装 epel 和 ius 仓库的软件，安装 base 仓库中的 at 包：
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 禁用某些仓库时，来安装包 - name: install packages with disable some repo yum: name: - at # - nginx # - cowsay # - lua53u disablerepo: - epel - ius state: installed become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install packages with disable some repo] ************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["at"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.cn99.com\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package at.x86_64 0:3.1.13-24.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n at x86_64 3.1.13-24.el7 base 51 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package\n\nTotal download size: 51 k\nInstalled size: 95 k\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : at-3.1.13-24.el7.x86_64 1/1 \n Verifying : at-3.1.13-24.el7.x86_64 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n at.x86_64 0:3.1.13-24.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
可以看到 at 安装成功。此时我们查看一下 epel 和 ius 仓库状态：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist epel Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,425 repolist: 13,425 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist ius Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status ius/x86_64 IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 365 repolist: 365 [ansible@node1 ~]$
可以看到，并没有被禁用！
下面我尝试在剧本中安装一个在上一个任务中被禁用的仓库里面的包：
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 禁用某些仓库时，来安装包 - name: install packages with disable some repo yum: name: - at # - nginx # - cowsay # - lua53u disablerepo: - epel - ius state: installed become: yes # 安装指定版本的软件包 - name: install package before task disable repo yum: name: - lua53u state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install packages with disable some repo] ************************************************** ok: [node1] => {"changed": false, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["at-3.1.13-24.el7.x86_64 providing at is already installed"]} TASK [install package before task disable repo] ************************************************* changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["lua53u"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.cn99.com\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package lua53u.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: lua53u-libs(x86-64) = 5.3.4-1.ius.el7 for package: lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: liblua-5.3.so()(64bit) for package: lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package lua53u-libs.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n lua53u x86_64 5.3.4-1.ius.el7 ius 184 k\nInstalling for dependencies:\n lua53u-libs x86_64 5.3.4-1.ius.el7 ius 111 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)\n\nTotal download size: 295 k\nInstalled size: 782 k\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 40 kB/s | 295 kB 00:07 \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : lua53u-libs-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 1/2 \n Installing : lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : lua53u-libs-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 2/2 \n\nInstalled:\n lua53u.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 \n\nDependency Installed:\n lua53u-libs.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=3 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
此时，可以看到，虽然第一个任务禁用了 ius 仓库，但并不影响第二个任务，因此第二个任务中正常安装了 ius 仓库中的 lua53u 软件。
现在我们可以看出，我们使用 disablerepo 禁用仓库，只对某一具体的任务有效，相互之间并无关联。
8.7 仓库的启用
我们先卸载一下我们刚才安装的 lua53u 软件。
# 查看lua相关的包 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep lua lua53u-libs-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 lua-5.1.4-15.el7.x86_64 # 卸载包 [ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum remove lua53u lua53u-libs -y # 再次查看lua相关的包 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep lua lua-5.1.4-15.el7.x86_64
我们可以通过 sudo yum repo-pkgs ius list|more 命令来查看 ius 仓库中有哪些包：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum repo-pkgs ius list|grep tmux tmux2.x86_64 2.9a-2.el7.ius ius [ansible@node1 ~]$ [ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum info tmux2 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.cn99.com * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn Available Packages Name : tmux2 Arch : x86_64 Version : 2.9a Release : 2.el7.ius Size : 329 k Repo : ius/x86_64 Summary : A terminal multiplexer URL : https://tmux.github.io/ License : ISC and BSD Description : tmux is a "terminal multiplexer." It enables a number of terminals (or : windows) to be accessed and controlled from a single terminal. tmux is : intended to be a simple, modern, BSD-licensed alternative to programs such : as GNU Screen. [ansible@node1 ~]$
我们可以知道 tmux2 在 ius 仓库中。
现在我们先使用 yum-config-manager 命令把 ius 仓库禁用掉。
# 禁用ius仓库 # 启用的话，使用sudo yum-config-manager --enable ius [ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum-config-manager --disable ius # 查看ius仓库状态 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist ius Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status ius/x86_64 IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 disabled repolist: 0 # 因为ius仓库被禁用了，所以此时lua53u查找不到 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum info lua53u Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Error: No matching Packages to list # 因为ius仓库被禁用了，所以此时tmux2查找不到 [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum info tmux2 Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com Error: No matching Packages to list [ansible@node1 ~]$ [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep lua lua-5.1.4-15.el7.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep tmux
现在我们使用剧本来安装这两个软件。
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 启用某个仓库来安装的软件包 - name: install package with enable some repo yum: name: - lua53u enablerepo: ius state: present become: yes # 不启用ius仓库来安装ius仓库的软件包 - name: install package without enable some repo yum: name: - tmux2 state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install package with enable some repo] **************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["lua53u"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nLoading mirror speeds from cached hostfile\n * base: mirrors.cn99.com\n * extras: mirror.bit.edu.cn\n * updates: mirror.bit.edu.cn\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package lua53u.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 will be installed\n--> Processing Dependency: lua53u-libs(x86-64) = 5.3.4-1.ius.el7 for package: lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64\n--> Processing Dependency: liblua-5.3.so()(64bit) for package: lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package lua53u-libs.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n lua53u x86_64 5.3.4-1.ius.el7 ius 184 k\nInstalling for dependencies:\n lua53u-libs x86_64 5.3.4-1.ius.el7 ius 111 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package (+1 Dependent package)\n\nTotal download size: 295 k\nInstalled size: 782 k\nDownloading packages:\n--------------------------------------------------------------------------------\nTotal 41 kB/s | 295 kB 00:07 \nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : lua53u-libs-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 1/2 \n Installing : lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 2/2 \n Verifying : lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 1/2 \n Verifying : lua53u-libs-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 2/2 \n\nInstalled:\n lua53u.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 \n\nDependency Installed:\n lua53u-libs.x86_64 0:5.3.4-1.ius.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"]} TASK [install package without enable some repo] ************************************************* fatal: [node1]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "No package matching 'tmux2' found available, installed or updated", "rc": 126, "results": ["No package matching 'tmux2' found available, installed or updated"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
此时可以看到，任务 install package with enable some repo 因为使用了 enablerepo: ius 参数，启用了 ius 仓库，所有成功安装了 lua53u，而任务 install package without enable some repo 因为没有启用 ius 仓库，所以此时找不到 tmux2 这个包，安装失败！
我们此时在 node1 节点上面检查一下：
[ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep lua lua53u-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 lua53u-libs-5.3.4-1.ius.el7.x86_64 lua-5.1.4-15.el7.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep tmux [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist ius Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status ius/x86_64 IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 disabled repolist: 0 [ansible@node1 ~]$
可以看到 lua53u 软件已经成功安装，tmux2 仍然没有被安装，而 ius 仓库仍然是 disabled 禁用状态。说明 enablerepo 参数并不会更改远程主机 yum 的仓库禁用、启用设置，只是临时生效。与 disablerepo 类似，只在该参数相关的任务中才会生效！
8.8 通过远程仓库安装包
我们也可以直接指定远程仓库路径来安装包，但这个时候需要自己先找到包的地址：
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 tasks: # 通过远程仓库安装包 - name: install the nginx rpm from a remote repo yum: name: - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/epel/7/x86_64/Packages/c/cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch.rpm state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install the nginx rpm from a remote repo] ************************************************* changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["/home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597138865.18-15356-68319093869251/cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarchYJ7zdE.rpm"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nExamining /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597138865.18-15356-68319093869251/cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarchYJ7zdE.rpm: cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch\nMarking /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1597138865.18-15356-68319093869251/cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarchYJ7zdE.rpm to be installed\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n cowsay noarch 3.04-4.el7 /cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarchYJ7zdE 77 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 1 Package\n\nTotal size: 77 k\nInstalled size: 77 k\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 \n Verifying : cowsay-3.04-4.el7.noarch 1/1 \n\nInstalled:\n cowsay.noarch 0:3.04-4.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
最后记得将原来禁用的仓库启用一下。
[ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum-config-manager --enable ius [ansible@node1 ~]$ yum repolist ius Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile * base: mirrors.163.com * extras: mirrors.163.com * updates: mirrors.163.com repo id repo name status ius/x86_64 IUS for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 365 repolist: 365 [ansible@node1 ~]$
说明 ius 仓库启用成功。
8.9 通过本地 rpm 文件安装软件
之前我们通过 yum 只下载不安装下载了 nginx 的安装包以及期依赖包。
# 查看下载到的依赖包以及nginx的安装包 [ansible@node1 ~]$ ls softs/not_exist_dir/ centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm # 我们通过命令行尝试安装nginx，可以看到nginx有依赖包需要安装 [ansible@node1 ~]$ sudo yum install nginx Loaded plugins: fastestmirror Determining fastest mirrors * base: mirrors.aliyun.com * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com * updates: mirrors.huaweicloud.com base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00 epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00 extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 ius | 1.3 kB 00:00:00 mariadb | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00 (1/9): base/7/x86_64/group_gz | 153 kB 00:00:05 (2/9): base/7/x86_64/primary_db | 6.1 MB 00:00:07 (3/9): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 95 kB 00:00:15 (4/9): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:15 (5/9): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 206 kB 00:00:05 (6/9): mariadb/primary_db | 66 kB 00:00:06 (7/9): ius/x86_64/primary | 98 kB 00:00:06 (8/9): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.8 MB 00:00:07 (9/9): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 6.9 MB 00:00:07 ius 365/365 Resolving Dependencies --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: nginx-all-modules = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: nginx-filesystem for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: redhat-indexhtml for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libprofiler.so.0()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos will be installed ---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-image-filter = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-perl = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-mail = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch --> Processing Dependency: nginx-mod-stream = 1:1.16.1-1.el7 for package: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch ---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: gd for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 --> Processing Dependency: libgd.so.2()(64bit) for package: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 ---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed ---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed --> Running transaction check ---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed --> Processing Dependency: libXpm.so.4()(64bit) for package: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 --> Running transaction check ---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed --> Finished Dependency Resolution Dependencies Resolved ================================================================================================= Package Arch Version Repository Size ================================================================================================= Installing: nginx x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 562 k Installing for dependencies: centos-indexhtml noarch 7-9.el7.centos base 92 k gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 base 146 k gperftools-libs x86_64 2.6.1-1.el7 base 272 k libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 base 55 k nginx-all-modules noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 19 k nginx-filesystem noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 21 k nginx-mod-http-image-filter x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 30 k nginx-mod-http-perl x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 39 k nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 29 k nginx-mod-mail x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 57 k nginx-mod-stream x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 epel 84 k Transaction Summary ================================================================================================= Install 1 Package (+11 Dependent packages) Total download size: 1.4 M Installed size: 4.1 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: n Exiting on user command Your transaction was saved, rerun it with: yum load-transaction /tmp/yum_save_tx.2020-08-12.10-07.KSKndJ.yumtx [ansible@node1 ~]$
我们通过本地下载的安装包安装 nginx:
[ansible@master ~]$ cat yum.yml - hosts: node1 vars: local_soft_dir: /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir tasks: # 通过本地rpm包安装软件 - name: install nginx rpm from a local file yum: name: - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" # gd的依赖 - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm" # nginx-all-modules的依赖 - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" # nginx的依赖 - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm" - "{{ local_soft_dir }}/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm" state: present become: yes [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-lint yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook --syntax-check yum.yml playbook: yum.yml [ansible@master ~]$ ansible-playbook yum.yml -v Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file PLAY [node1] ************************************************************************************ TASK [Gathering Facts] ************************************************************************** ok: [node1] TASK [install nginx rpm from a local file] ****************************************************** changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "changes": {"installed": ["/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm", "/home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm"]}, "msg": "", "rc": 0, "results": ["Loaded plugins: fastestmirror\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm: gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm: centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm: 1:nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm: 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch.rpm to be installed\nExamining /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm: 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\nMarking /home/ansible/softs/not_exist_dir/nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64.rpm to be installed\nResolving Dependencies\n--> Running transaction check\n---> Package centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos will be installed\n---> Package gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 will be installed\n---> Package gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n---> Package nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 will be installed\n--> Finished Dependency Resolution\n\nDependencies Resolved\n\n================================================================================\n Package Arch Version Repository Size\n================================================================================\nInstalling:\n centos-indexhtml\n noarch 7-9.el7.centos /centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch 90 k\n gd x86_64 2.0.35-26.el7 /gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 542 k\n gperftools-libs\n x86_64 2.6.1-1.el7 /gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64 1.3 M\n libXpm x86_64 3.5.12-1.el7 /libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 114 k\n nginx x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 1.6 M\n nginx-all-modules\n noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch 0.0 \n nginx-filesystem\n noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch 0.0 \n nginx-mod-http-image-filter\n x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n 24 k\n nginx-mod-http-perl\n x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 54 k\n nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter\n x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64\n 24 k\n nginx-mod-mail\n x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 99 k\n nginx-mod-stream\n x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 /nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 171 k\n\nTransaction Summary\n================================================================================\nInstall 12 Packages\n\nTotal size: 4.1 M\nInstalled size: 4.1 M\nDownloading packages:\nRunning transaction check\nRunning transaction test\nTransaction test succeeded\nRunning transaction\n Installing : centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch 1/12 \n Installing : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64 2/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch 3/12 \n Installing : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 4/12 \n Installing : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 5/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 6/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 7/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 8/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 9/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 10/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 11/12 \n Installing : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch 12/12 \n Verifying : libXpm-3.5.12-1.el7.x86_64 1/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 2/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch 3/12 \n Verifying : gperftools-libs-2.6.1-1.el7.x86_64 4/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch 5/12 \n Verifying : gd-2.0.35-26.el7.x86_64 6/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 7/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 8/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 9/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 10/12 \n Verifying : centos-indexhtml-7-9.el7.centos.noarch 11/12 \n Verifying : 1:nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 12/12 \n\nInstalled:\n centos-indexhtml.noarch 0:7-9.el7.centos \n gd.x86_64 0:2.0.35-26.el7 \n gperftools-libs.x86_64 0:2.6.1-1.el7 \n libXpm.x86_64 0:3.5.12-1.el7 \n nginx.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-all-modules.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-filesystem.noarch 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-mod-http-image-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-mod-http-perl.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-mod-mail.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n nginx-mod-stream.x86_64 1:1.16.1-1.el7 \n\nComplete!\n"]} PLAY RECAP ************************************************************************************** node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0 [ansible@master ~]$
可以看到，所有的包都是从本地进行安装的，这个需要注意的是，安装过程中需要注意安装的顺序，先安装依赖包，依赖包安装完成后再安装 nginx。
在 node1 节点上面检查，可以发现 nginx 包安装成功，并且可以查看到 nginx 的版本信息。
[ansible@node1 ~]$ rpm -qa|grep nginx nginx-filesystem-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch nginx-mod-mail-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 nginx-mod-http-image-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 nginx-mod-stream-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 nginx-mod-http-perl-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 nginx-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 nginx-all-modules-1.16.1-1.el7.noarch nginx-mod-http-xslt-filter-1.16.1-1.el7.x86_64 [ansible@node1 ~]$ nginx -v nginx version: nginx/1.16.1 [ansible@node1 ~]$
yum 模块其他的参数，官方也没有给出示例，用得也比较少，我们就不去理会。
你可以了解一下 yum_repository 模块 ( https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/modules/yum_repository_module.html ) 来管理远程主机的 yum 仓库。
