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定义 class
基本形式
class
定义如下:
class ClassName(ParentClass):
"""class docstring"""
def method(self):
return
class
关键词在最前面ClassName
通常采用CamelCase
记法- 括号中的
ParentClass
用来表示继承关系 - 冒号不能缺少
""""""
中的内容表示docstring
,可以省略- 方法定义与函数定义十分类似,不过多了一个
self
参数表示这个对象本身 class
中的方法要进行缩进
class Forest(object):
""" Forest can grow trees which eventually die."""
pass
其中 object
是最基本的类型。
查看帮助:
import numpy as np
np.info(Forest)
Forest()
Forest can grow trees which eventually die.
Methods:
forest = Forest()
forest
<__main__.Forest at 0x3cda358>
添加方法和属性
可以直接添加属性(有更好的替代方式):
forest.trees = np.zeros((150, 150), dtype=bool)
forest.trees
array([[False, False, False, ..., False, False, False],
[False, False, False, ..., False, False, False],
[False, False, False, ..., False, False, False],
...,
[False, False, False, ..., False, False, False],
[False, False, False, ..., False, False, False],
[False, False, False, ..., False, False, False]], dtype=bool)
forest2 = Forest()
forest2
没有这个属性:
forest2.trees
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
AttributeError Traceback (most recent call last)
in ()
----> 1 forest2.trees
AttributeError: 'Forest' object has no attribute 'trees'
添加方法时,默认第一个参数是对象本身,一般为 self
,可能用到也可能用不到,然后才是其他的参数:
class Forest(object):
""" Forest can grow trees which eventually die."""
def grow(self):
print "the tree is growing!"
def number(self, num=1):
if num == 1:
print 'there is 1 tree.'
else:
print 'there are', num, 'trees.'
forest = Forest()
forest.grow()
forest.number(12)
the tree is growing!
there are 12 trees.