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lineinfile文件内容修改模块
1. 概述
- 本模块确保文件中有特定行，或者使用反向引用的正则表达式来替换现有行。
- 如果只想修改文件的某一行，使用本模块则非常有用。
- 如果你想修改多处内容，则可以考虑使用 replace模块,如果更换或替换多个相似的行，或者要在文件中插入、更新、删除一个块，则可以考虑使用 blockinfile模块,其他情况则建议使用 copy模块 或 template模块。
- 官方文档 https://docs.ansible.com/ansible/latest/collections/ansible/builtin/lineinfile_module.html
2. 参数
| 序号 | 参数 | 描述 |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | attributes string | 修改完文件后，文件的属性，类似使用chattr修改文件属性 |
| 2 | backrefs boolean | 与state=present一起使用，默认no。如果设置为yes，则可以使用反向引用（位置引用或命名引用），如果正则表达式regexp匹配上，则会填充反向引用。该参数会改变模块的操作，忽略掉insertbefore和insertafter参数，如果正则表达式不能匹配到，则文件不会发生变化；如果正则匹配到了，则最后一个匹配将会被替换成line参数扩展的值。本参数与search_string参数互斥 |
| 3 | backup boolean | 是否备份原始文件，默认no |
| 4 | create boolean | 与state=present一起使用，默认no。如果设置为yes，则当文件不存在时，会创建文件。默认情况下，如果文件不存在，则作业会失败。 |
| 5 | firstmatch boolean | 与insertbefore和insertafter参数一起作用，默认no，如果设置为yes，那么会处理第一次的匹配项，而不是最后的匹配项 |
| 6 | group string | 文件修改后，文件的用户组名称，类似于chown命令 |
| 7 | insertafter string | 与state=present一起使用，如果指定的话，那么会在最后一次匹配行的后一行插入行。 |
| 8 | insertbefore string | 与state=present一起使用，如果指定的话，那么会在最后一次匹配行的前一行插入行。 |
| 9 | line string | 文件中需要插入/替换的行 |
| 10 | mode raw | 文件修改后的模式 |
| 11 | others string | file模块支持的其他参数，都可以用在此参数中 |
| 12 | owner string | 文件修改后，对应的文件所有者，类似于命令chown |
| 13 | path string | 待修改的文件路径 |
| 14 | regexp string | 需要在文件中查找的正则表达式。如果state=present，则当正则匹配成功时，只替换最后一次匹配的行。当state=absent时，匹配的行将会被移除。如果正则没有匹配上，那么行将会被添加到文件中。在修改行时，regexp通常应该匹配行的初始状态以及行替换后的状态，以确保幂等性。 |
| 15 | search_string string | 在文件中第一行匹配指定文本，不必匹配整行 |
| 16 | se* | selinux相关配置，如selevel/serole/setype/seuser，本总结文档中忽略，详见官方文档 |
| 17 | state string | 状态，可选值:absent和present（默认） |
| 18 | unsafe_writes boolean | 不安全写，默认no。此选项允许Ansible在原子操作失败时回退到更新文件系统对象的不安全方法 |
| 19 | validate string | 将更新的文件复制到最终目标之前要运行的验证命令 |
3. 官方示例
# NOTE: Before 2.3, option 'dest', 'destfile' or 'name' was used instead of 'path'
- name: Ensure SELinux is set to enforcing mode
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/selinux/config
regexp: '^SELINUX='
line: SELINUX=enforcing
- name: Make sure group wheel is not in the sudoers configuration
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/sudoers
state: absent
regexp: '^%wheel'
- name: Replace a localhost entry with our own
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/hosts
regexp: '^127\.0\.0\.1'
line: 127.0.0.1 localhost
owner: root
group: root
mode: '0644'
- name: Replace a localhost entry searching for a literal string to avoid escaping
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/hosts
search_string: '127.0.0.1'
line: 127.0.0.1 localhost
owner: root
group: root
mode: '0644'
- name: Ensure the default Apache port is 8080
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
regexp: '^Listen '
insertafter: '^#Listen '
line: Listen 8080
- name: Ensure php extension matches new pattern
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
search_string: '<FilesMatch ".php[45]?$">'
insertafter: '^\t<Location \/>\n'
line: ' <FilesMatch ".php[34]?$">'
- name: Ensure we have our own comment added to /etc/services
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/services
regexp: '^# port for http'
insertbefore: '^www.*80/tcp'
line: '# port for http by default'
- name: Add a line to a file if the file does not exist, without passing regexp
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /tmp/testfile
line: 192.168.1.99 foo.lab.net foo
create: yes
# NOTE: Yaml requires escaping backslashes in double quotes but not in single quotes
- name: Ensure the JBoss memory settings are exactly as needed
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /opt/jboss-as/bin/standalone.conf
regexp: '^(.*)Xms(\d+)m(.*)$'
line: '\1Xms${xms}m\3'
backrefs: yes
# NOTE: Fully quoted because of the ': ' on the line. See the Gotchas in the YAML docs.
- name: Validate the sudoers file before saving
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/sudoers
state: present
regexp: '^%ADMIN ALL='
line: '%ADMIN ALL=(ALL) NOPASSWD: ALL'
validate: /usr/sbin/visudo -cf %s
# See https://docs.python.org/3/library/re.html for further details on syntax
- name: Use backrefs with alternative group syntax to avoid conflicts with variable values
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /tmp/config
regexp: ^(host=).*
line: \g<1>{{ hostname }}
backrefs: yes4. 剧本的使用
4.1 SELINUX开启与关闭
查看当前node1节点的selinux配置情况：
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$ getenforce
Disabled
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$ grep '^SELINUX=' /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled编写剧本文件lineinfile.yml:
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Enable selinux
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/selinux/config
regexp: '^SELINUX='
line: SELINUX=enforcing
become: yes检查剧本语法并执行：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Enable selinux] *************************************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时，再次在节点上面查看selinux配置情况：
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$ grep '^SELINUX=' /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=enforcing可以看到，配置已经被修改，修改成SELINUX=enforcing状态，说明SELINUX开启成功。
通常情况下，我们会关闭SELINUX，使用剧本将配置还原：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Disable selinux
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/selinux/config
regexp: '^SELINUX='
line: SELINUX=disabled
become: yes然后再执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Disable selinux] *************************************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时查看节点配置：
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$ grep '^SELINUX=' /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$可以看到SELINUX又变成关闭状态了。
4.2 显示远程主机IP
/etc/motd（message of to day：每日信息）文件常用于通告信息，如计划关机时间的警告等，登陆后的提示信息。- 通过该文件，我们可以用来显示远程主机的IP信息，便于我们确定远程主机IP。
编写剧本文件lineinfile.yml：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Set motd info
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/motd
regexp: '^IP:'
line: "IP:{{ ansible_default_ipv4['address'] }}"
become: yes默认情况下，节点node1上面没有配置/etc/motd的内容。我们查看一下：
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$ cat /etc/motd可以看到没有内容。
检查剧本文件语法并执行：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Set motd info] ***************************************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line added"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时，查看节点的配置文件/etc/motd文件内容：
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$ cat /etc/motd
IP:192.168.12.1此时，重新连接node1节点时，就可以看到远程主机IP信息了：
# 此处我配置了连接node1节点的快捷命令n1
[mzh@MacBookPro docs (master ✗)]$ n1
Last login: Tue Oct 11 20:09:19 2022 from 111.111.111.111
IP:192.168.12.1
[meizhaohui@node1 ~]$可以看到，正常显示了远程主机的IP信息。
4.3 修改nginx监听端口并校验
我们编写修改nginx监听端口的剧本文件lineinfile.yml，当端口修改校验通过后，执行后面的任务，重新加载nginx配置：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Change nginx port from 80 to 8081
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
regexp: '^ listen 80;'
line: " listen 8081;"
validate: /usr/sbin/nginx -t -c %s
become: yes
- name: Reload Nginx server
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
become: yes在执行剧本前，我们先查看一下节点node1上nginx的配置，并看一下nginx的进程信息：
[root@node1 ~]# cd /etc/nginx/
[root@node1 nginx]# grep 'listen' nginx.conf
listen 80;
listen [::]:80;
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
[root@node1 nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 5673 1 0 20:31 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx 7940 5673 0 20:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 7941 5673 0 20:47 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 8510 4951 0 20:51 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx::: warning 注意
在使用validate进行校验时，参数值中必须带%s信息。如果我们直接使用配置validate: /usr/sbin/nginx -t运行剧本，会提示"msg": "validate must contain %s: /usr/sbin/nginx -t"异常信息！！因此使用validate: /usr/sbin/nginx -t -c %s指定需要校验的配置文件。
:::
检查剧本文件语法并执行：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Change nginx port from 80 to 8081] *******************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
TASK [Reload Nginx server] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-s", "reload"], "delta": "0:00:00.014303", "end": "2022-10-11 20:56:38.983474", "rc": 0, "start": "2022-10-11 20:56:38.969171", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时，在节点上面查看配置信息和nginx进程信息：
[root@node1 nginx]# grep 'listen' nginx.conf
listen 8081;
listen [::]:80;
# listen 443 ssl http2;
# listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
[root@node1 nginx]# ps -ef|grep nginx
root 5673 1 0 20:31 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process /usr/sbin/nginx
nginx 9916 5673 0 20:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
nginx 9917 5673 0 20:56 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process
root 10113 4951 0 20:57 pts/0 00:00:00 grep --color=auto nginx可以看到，配置文件更新了，并且进程也重启了！！说明我们配置的剧本生效了。
刚才，我们将监听端口从80端口修改成了8081端口，现在我们尝试还原，并将替换后值设置成一个不满足nginx要求的行信息。
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Change nginx port from 8081 to 80 and with unknown directive Listen
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
regexp: '^ listen 8081;'
line: " Listen 80;"
validate: /usr/sbin/nginx -t -c %s
become: yes
- name: Reload Nginx server
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: /usr/sbin/nginx -s reload
become: yes检查剧本文件语法并执行：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Change nginx port from 8081 to 80 and with unknown directive Listen] *********************************************
fatal: [node1]: FAILED! => {"changed": false, "msg": "failed to validate: rc:1 error:nginx: [emerg] unknown directive \"Listen\" in /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1665498341.71-2122-273596304298361/tmppccYOi:39\nnginx: configuration file /home/ansible/.ansible/tmp/ansible-tmp-1665498341.71-2122-273596304298361/tmppccYOi test failed\n"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=1 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=1 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0此时，可以看到，配置文件校验失败，提示unknown directive \"Listen\"未指指令Listen，因为我们故意将listen写成了Listen，所以nginx校验配置文件失败，校验失败后，并没有直接修改真正需要修改的配置文件/etc/nginx/nginx.conf，即通过validate参数的配置，可以确保我们修改后的配置文件校验正常。
我们将Listen修改为listen,然后再执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Change nginx port from 8081 to 80 and with unknown directive Listen] *********************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
TASK [Reload Nginx server] *********************************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"changed": true, "cmd": ["/usr/sbin/nginx", "-s", "reload"], "delta": "0:00:00.013576", "end": "2022-10-11 22:36:23.692407", "rc": 0, "start": "2022-10-11 22:36:23.678831", "stderr": "", "stderr_lines": [], "stdout": "", "stdout_lines": []}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=3 changed=2 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$可以看到，校验成功，配置文件对应的行被替换掉。nginx服务也被重新加载。
4.4 其他示例
- 默认情况下，本模块只会修改最后一次匹配的行。当指定
firstmatch=yes参数时，则会修改第一次匹配的行。 - 如果又指定
insertbefore或insertafter参数的话，则会在（最后一次或第一次）匹配行的前一行或后一行插入数据。
我们以修改nginx配置文件为例，查看nginx开头10行，并搜索Documentation关键字，可以看到，仅第2行和第3行包含Documentation关键字：
[root@node1 ~]# head /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.
[root@node1 ~]# grep -n 'Documentation' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
2:# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
3:# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/为了测试，我们需要尝试在关键字行附近添加一个新行，新行内容是# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
4.4.1 修改最后匹配行
当我不增加位置控制参数时，会直接替换匹配行！
此处我们不指定firstmatch=yes参数，也不指定insertbefore或insertafter参数，看看默认的效果。本节不测试配置文件校验。
编写剧本文件lineinfile.yml：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add download URL to nginx conf
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
regexp: 'Documentation'
line: "# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html"
become: yes检查剧本文件语法并执行：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add download URL to nginx conf] **********************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时，在节点查看配置文件：
[root@node1 ~]# head /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
user nginx;
worker_processes auto;
error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;
pid /run/nginx.pid;
# Load dynamic modules. See /usr/share/doc/nginx/README.dynamic.可以看到，我们不增加位置控制时，当正则匹配到行后，原来第3行的# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/被替换成了# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html。
4.4.2 修改首次匹配行
我不想对最后一个匹配行进行替换，只想对第一个匹配进行修改，则可以增加参数firstmatch=yes。
我们将节点上的配置文件还原。
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 4 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
[root@node1 ~]#然后修改剧本文件：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add download URL to nginx conf
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
regexp: 'Documentation'
line: "# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html"
firstmatch: yes
become: yes然后，再次执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add download URL to nginx conf] **********************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$在节点上面查看配置文件前几行：
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 4 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
[root@node1 ~]#此时，可以看到，第2行的# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/被替换成了# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html。
说明配置firstmatch: yes参数生效了，改变了Ansible的行为了。
4.4.3 在指定行后插入数据
再次将节点上配置文件还原后，再进行测试。
修改后的剧本文件：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add download URL to nginx conf
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
insertafter: 'Documentation'
line: "# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html"
become: yes执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add download URL to nginx conf] **********************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": true, "msg": "line added"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时查看节点上配置文件前5行：
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 5 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
[root@node1 ~]#可以看到，第4行已经新增了一行，有了Nginx的下载链接信息了，在最后一次匹配（指定）行后增加了一行。
4.4.4 在指定行前插入数据
此处我们保留上一节的修改，不手动还原。再尝试在指定行的前一行插入数据。
修改后的剧本文件：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add download URL to nginx conf
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
insertbefore: '^# \* Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/'
line: "# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html"
backup: yes
state: present
become: yes然后，再次执行剧本，执行后的文件前几行如下：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add download URL to nginx conf] **********************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.10326.2022-10-29@20:42:55~", "changed": true, "msg": "line added"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$此时在节点1上面查看nginx.conf的前几行：
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 6 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
[root@node1 ~]#可以看到，的确是在原来的第3行的# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/前面增加了一行# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html。
特别要注意剧本中insertbefore: '^# \* Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/'处的\*，表示星号，如果不带反斜杠，则会匹配多个空格，此时会匹配不上。
如我们去掉这个斜杠，再执行剧本，可以看到没有变化。
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ cat lineinfile.yml
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add download URL to nginx conf
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
insertbefore: '^# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/'
line: "# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html"
backup: yes
state: present
become: yes
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add download URL to nginx conf] **********************************************************************************
ok: [node1] => {"backup": "", "changed": false, "msg": ""}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=0 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$可以在节点上使用grep命令测试一下：
# *星号前不带反斜杠\，没有匹配上
[root@node1 ~]# grep '^# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# *星号前带反斜杠\，匹配上一行
[root@node1 ~]# grep '^# \* Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/' /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
[root@node1 ~]#可以看到，不带反斜杠时没有匹配上。
4.4.5 在文件头部插入数据
我们尝试在文件最前面增加一行内容。
编写剧本文件：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Insert the line at the beginning of the file
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
insertbefore: BOF
line: "# The first line"
backup: yes
state: present
become: yes执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Insert the line at the beginning of the file] ********************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.17579.2022-10-29@21:22:22~", "changed": true, "msg": "line added"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$在节点上面查看文件开头几行：
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 5 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# The first line
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
[root@node1 ~]#可以看到已经在第一行添加了# The first line说明修改生效了。
4.4.6 反向引用
我们使用反向引用替换文件中的行，如想将第3行中的# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/替换成中文的文档信息# * Official Chinese Documentation: http://nginx.org/cn/docs/。
我们可以这么做。
编写剧本文件：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add new language documentation
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
regexp: '(.*)English(.*)en(.*)'
line: '\1Chinese\2cn\3'
backrefs: yes
backup: yes
state: present
become: yes执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add new language documentation] **********************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => {"backup": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.23537.2022-10-29@22:02:57~", "changed": true, "msg": "line replaced"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$可以看到打印出消息line replaced行已经被替换。
而执行剧本前和执行剧本后，在节点上查看文件前5行的内容对比：
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 5 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# The first line
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/
[root@node1 ~]# head -n 5 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# The first line
# For more information on configuration, see:
# * Official Chinese Documentation: http://nginx.org/cn/docs/
# * Download Nginx: http://nginx.org/en/download.html
# * Official Russian Documentation: http://nginx.org/ru/docs/看看修改后的文件与备份文件的差异：
[root@node1 ~]# diff /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.23537.2022-10-29@22:02:57~
3c3
< # * Official Chinese Documentation: http://nginx.org/cn/docs/
---
> # * Official English Documentation: http://nginx.org/en/docs/
[root@node1 ~]#可以看到，第3行除了English被替换成Chinese，en替换成了cn,其他部分都直接使用了原来的内容，剧本中参数line: '\1Chinese\2cn\3'的正则表达式'\1Chinese\2cn\3'中\1表示匹配到原来行中的第一部分# * Official ，而\2表示匹配到原来行中的第二部分 Documentation: http://nginx.org/，而\3表示匹配到原来行中的第三部分/docs/。
4.4.7 添加多行
编写剧本：
- hosts: node1
tasks:
- name: Add multiple lines
ansible.builtin.lineinfile:
path: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
line: "{{ item }}"
backup: yes
state: present
with_items:
- '# Orange'
- '# Apple'
- '# Banana'
become: yes如果还有别的行需要添加，只需要在with_items下面增加新的行即可。
检查并执行剧本：
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-lint lineinfile.yml
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$ ansible-playbook lineinfile.yml -v
Using /etc/ansible/ansible.cfg as config file
PLAY [node1] ***********************************************************************************************************
TASK [Gathering Facts] *************************************************************************************************
ok: [node1]
TASK [Add multiple lines] **********************************************************************************************
changed: [node1] => (item=# Orange) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "backup": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.29943.2022-10-29@22:48:28~", "changed": true, "item": "# Orange", "msg": "line added"}
changed: [node1] => (item=# Apple) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "backup": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.30031.2022-10-29@22:48:28~", "changed": true, "item": "# Apple", "msg": "line added"}
changed: [node1] => (item=# Banana) => {"ansible_loop_var": "item", "backup": "/etc/nginx/nginx.conf.30119.2022-10-29@22:48:28~", "changed": true, "item": "# Banana", "msg": "line added"}
PLAY RECAP *************************************************************************************************************
node1 : ok=2 changed=1 unreachable=0 failed=0 skipped=0 rescued=0 ignored=0
[ansible@master ansible_playbooks]$在节点查看配置文件最后几行：
[root@node1 ~]# tail /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
# location = /50x.html {
# }
# }
}
# Orange
# Apple
# Banana
[root@node1 ~]#可以看到，多行内容添加成功。